Bashiri S., Shafaeipour A., Fathinia B. & Boano G. (2025) Breeding season, clutch size and breeding success in the Pallid Swift Apus p. pallidus in Southern Iran. ARDEA 113 (2): 7-7

The breeding biology of the Pallid Swift was investigated in Iran, where the resident subspecies is Apus p. pallidus, for which no previous information was available. Main breeding parameters were found to be overall similar to European Pallid Swift populations studied so far. The percentage of second broods, mean clutch size, and reproductive success fall within the range found in the other studied colonies. The main difference to European populations is that in Iranian birds the whole breeding season is advanced by about 3 months, extending from February to June.